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IP Lex · Indian IP case law

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Judgments of the Supreme Court and the High Courts on patents, trade marks, copyright, designs and geographical indications — organised by Act and section, each with a link to the judgment on the court’s website.

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for “Trade Mark”

Trade Marks

Refex Industries Limited v. Regional Director, Northern Region, Ministry of Corporate Affairs & Anr.

Delhi High Court

A company name identical to or closely resembling an existing company's name and mark may be ordered to be changed, and the Regional Director's refusal to do so can be set aside in writ jurisdiction by the IP Division.

Company NameRectification of NameRegional DirectorTrade Name
Trade Marks

Reliance Industries Limited v. Pawan Kumar Gupta & Ors.

Delhi High Court · 2025 SCC OnLine Del 4903

In assessing the likelihood of confusion for interim relief, courts must apply a more stringent standard where the infringing goods are edible products sold through online marketplaces to unsophisticated consumers, since even mino…

Dynamic InjunctionOnline InfringementPassing OffTrade Dress
Trade Marks

Renaissance Hotel Holdings Inc. v. B. Vijaya Sai & Ors.

Supreme Court of India · 2022 SCC OnLine SC 61

Section 29(4) of the Trade Marks Act applies only to marks used on dissimilar goods or services and cannot be invoked where the defendant's goods or services are identical to those of the registered proprietor, which instead falls…

Deceptive SimilarityDilutionSection 29(4)Trademark Infringement
Trade Marks

Rolex SA v. Alex Jewellery Pvt. Ltd. & Ors.

Delhi High Court

Protection of a well-known trade mark extends to dissimilar goods such as jewellery where use is likely to take unfair advantage of or harm its reputation; compensatory and punitive damages may be awarded.

Dissimilar GoodsInfringementJewelleryPassing Off
Trade Marks

Ruston & Hornsby Ltd. v. Zamindara Engineering Co.

Supreme Court of India · AIR 1970 SC 1649

Where the essential or dominant feature of a defendant's mark is deceptively similar to a registered trade mark, the addition of a descriptive, geographical or laudatory word does not by itself cure the infringement; for marks tha…

Composite MarksDeceptive SimilarityDominant MarkInfringement
Trade Marks

S. Syed Mohideen v. P. Sulochana Bai

Supreme Court of India · (2016) 2 SCC 683

Under the scheme of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, the rights of a prior user of a trade mark are superior to the rights flowing from registration, and the statutory remedy of passing off under Section 27(2) remains available to a pri…

Deceptive SimilarityGoodwillPassing OffPrior User
Trade Marks

S.M. Dyechem Ltd. v. Cadbury (India) Ltd.

Supreme Court of India · (2000) 5 SCC 573

Not good law on the test of deceptive similarity: see Cadila Health Care v. Cadila Pharmaceuticals (2001). Retained for its historical significance and its discussion of interim relief.

Deceptive SimilarityEssential FeaturesInterim InjunctionPICNIC
Copyright

Sanjay Soya Pvt. Ltd. v. Narayani Trading Company

Bombay High Court · 2021 SCC OnLine Bom 407

Copyright registration under the Copyright Act, 1957 is not mandatory to institute or maintain a suit for infringement; copyright subsists automatically in an original work upon its creation, and Sections 44, 45 and 48 merely crea…

Artistic WorkCopyright InfringementCopyright RegistrationEvidentiary Presumption
Trade Marks

Satyam Infoway Ltd. v. Sifynet Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

Supreme Court of India · (2004) 6 SCC 145

A domain name has all the characteristics of a trade mark and is entitled to protection against passing off; the fact that the Trade Marks Act, 1999 does not specifically legislate on domain names does not exclude a domain name fr…

Deceptive SimilarityDomain NamesGoodwillOnline Infringement
Geographical Indications

Scotch Whisky Association & Anr. v. Pravara Sahakari Shakar Karkhana Ltd.

Bombay High Court · AIR 1992 Bom 294

Reputation and goodwill in a geographical class name vest collectively in the genuine producers of that class of goods, entitling any of them to restrain, by a passing off action, a trader who uses get-up, imagery or descriptive w…

Deceptive SimilarityExtended Passing OffGeographical IndicationPassing Off
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