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Judgments of the Supreme Court and the High Courts on patents, trade marks, copyright, designs and geographical indications — organised by Act and section, each with a link to the judgment on the court’s website.

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for “Technical Effect”

Patents

Crystal Crop Protection Limited v. Safex Chemicals India Limited & Ors.

Delhi High Court · CS(COMM) 196/2024

Where a complete specification and the patentee's own conduct during prosecution treat a claimed element as necessary to achieve the invention's stated technical effect, that element cannot later be characterised as non-essential …

Claim ConstructionDoctrine Of EquivalentsInterim InjunctionPatent Infringement
Patents

Deepak Nitrite Limited v. The Assistant Controller General of Patents and Designs

Bombay High Court · Commercial Miscellaneous Petition No. 107 of 2025

It is wholly impermissible for the Controller, while exercising quasi-judicial powers under Section 15, to rely upon 'common general knowledge' as a self-sufficient ground for refusing a patent application without setting out and …

Common General KnowledgeFood Grade Sodium NitriteFree-FlowingImpurity Profile
Patents

Ferid Allani v. Union of India & Ors.

Delhi High Court · 2019 SCC OnLine Del 11867

Section 3(k) of the Patents Act, 1970 excludes only computer programmes per se from patentability, and not inventions implemented through a computer programme which demonstrate a technical effect or technical contribution to the s…

Computer Related InventionsPatentable Subject MatterSection 3(k)Software Patent
Patents

Koninklijke Philips N.V. v. Maj. (Retd.) Sukesh Behl & Anr.

Delhi High Court · CS(COMM) 423/2016

A defendant cannot avoid liability for infringing a standard essential patent by pointing to the existence of obligations to license on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms; once essentiality and infringement are establis…

DamagesFRANDPatent InfringementSection 3(k)
Patents

Kroll Information Assurance, LLC v. The Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks & Ors.

Delhi High Court · 2025:DHC:5096

A computer-related invention overcomes the exclusion under Section 3(k) of the Patents Act, 1970 only where it is shown to produce a specific technical effect or advancement in the functioning of the underlying hardware, going bey…

Claim AmendmentComputer Related InventionsSection 3(k)Software Patent
Patents

Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC v. The Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs

Delhi High Court · 2023:DHC:3342

An invention is not excluded under Section 3(k) merely because it is implemented as an algorithm on a computer; the determinative question is whether the claimed subject matter demonstrates a technical effect or technical contribu…

Computer Related InventionsPatent ProsecutionSection 3(k)Software Patent
Patents

Raytheon Company v. Controller General of Patents and Designs

Delhi High Court · C.A.(COMM.IPD-PAT) 121/2022

Novel hardware is not a prerequisite for the patentability of a computer-related invention under Section 3(k) of the Patents Act; the applicable test is whether the claimed invention involves a technical advancement and provides a…

Computer Related InventionsPatent ProsecutionSection 3(k)Software Patent
Patents

T-Mobile International AG and Co. KG. v. The Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks and Anr.

Delhi High Court · C.A.(COMM.IPD-PAT) 149/2022

Section 3(m) contains four disjunctive exceptions: a mere scheme, rule, or method of performing a mental act, and a method of playing a game. The word 'mere' qualifies the first three limbs, confining the exclusion to claims that …

Computer Implemented InventionGuidelinesMental ActMethod of Playing Game